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Ankle sprains are one of the most common injuries, and they can happen to anyone at any time—from the elite athlete currently competing on the field to the older adult simply walking on an uneven surface.
However, ankle sprains are not all the same. The different types of sprains affect different ligaments, and they can all vary in severity. Understanding the type of sprain and its grade is crucial for effective treatment and recovery.
In this blog, we summarise the different types of ankle sprains, their varying degrees of severity, their causes, complications, and symptoms, and the best ways to manage them.
An ankle sprain occurs when the ligaments in the ankle are stretched beyond their normal range, causing tears or damage (What Is An Ankle Sprain?). However, ankle sprains are not all the same.
The most common types of ankle sprains are listed below.
A lateral ankle sprain is typically caused by sudden twisting motions or missteps on uneven surfaces.
These common injuries occur when the ankle rolls inward (an ‘inversion’), causing damage to ligaments—the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) and sometimes the calcaneofibular ligament (CFL)—on the outer side of the ankle.
Lateral ankle sprains are especially common in people who are physically active. While they vary in severity, they are generally easier to recover from (in comparison with other types of sprains).
A medial ankle sprain is typically caused by a jumping or running activity. These injuries are less common and occur when the foot rolls outward (an ‘eversion’), causing damage to the deltoid ligament on the inner side of the ankle.
The deltoid ligament provides important strength and stability to the ankle, and medial ankle sprains can be especially severe. Because of this, medial ankle sprains often require a longer recovery time, especially when there’s significant ligament damage.
A high ankle sprain, also known as a syndesmotic sprain, involves damage to the ligaments that connect the tibia and fibula bones just above the ankle. This type of sprain typically occurs when the foot is forcefully twisted outward or upward.
High ankle sprains are generally more severe, and they can take several weeks or even months to fully recover (Recovery From High Ankle Sprain).
Ankle sprains are classified into three grades based on the severity of the ligament damage.
A Grade 1 sprain involves minor stretching of the ligament fibres.
There may be mild pain and swelling, but the ankle generally remains stable, and it is still capable of bearing weight (with minimal discomfort).
These injuries typically heal within one or two weeks with rest and care.
A Grade 2 sprain involves a partial tear of the ligament.
There is moderate swelling, bruising, and pain, and it may be difficult to walk or put weight on the ankle.
Treatment for this level of sprain may include immobilisation, and recovery can take four to eight weeks.
A Grade 3 sprain involves a complete tear of the ligament.
There is severe pain, swelling, and bruising. There is often significant instability in the joint, making it difficult or impossible to bear weight.
Recovery from a Grade 3 sprain can take several months and may require physical therapy or even surgery in extreme cases.
Ankle sprains occur when the foot suddenly twists or turns, stretching the ligaments beyond their normal range of motion (Ankle Sprain Causes). Some common causes include:
If not treated properly, ankle sprains can lead to complications such as:
Common symptoms of a sprained ankle include:
If you’re experiencing severe pain, swelling, or an inability to move the ankle, it’s important to consult a healthcare provider to rule out a fracture or other serious injury.
One common misconception about ankle sprains is that they are always minor injuries that heal on their own. In reality, untreated or improperly treated sprains can lead to long-term problems such as chronic instability or arthritis.
It’s also a myth that walking it off is always the best option; depending on the severity, rest and proper care are crucial.
Treatment for an ankle sprain typically follows the R.I.C.E. protocol:
More severe sprains may require therapy to regain strength and mobility (Ankle Strain Treatments). In rare cases, surgery may be required for Grade 3 sprains.
As the ankle strain improves, rehabilitation exercises can help speed recovery (15 Exercises for Your Sprained Ankles).
Chiropractors can play an important role in treating ankle sprain by focusing on restoring joint mobility and reducing inflammation. Chiropractic care for ankle sprains will usually include:
With a personalised treatment plan, chiropractic care can address both the acute symptoms of a sprain and the patient’s long-term rehabilitation needs, allowing the patient to regain strength and function while minimising the risk of recurring injuries.
Ankle sprains are a common injury, but they should be taken seriously to avoid long-term complications. By understanding the different types of ankle sprains and knowing the grades of sprains, you can better manage your injury and ensure a full recovery.
Seeking chiropractic care early on can aid in the rehabilitation process, reducing pain and helping you regain full mobility.
